Hacks
Hacks
//BASIC ARRAY CONCEPTS
//Declare an array and then allocate memory
int myArray[];
myArray = new int[4];
//Declare while directly assign values
int[] myArray1 = new int[]{ 1, 6, 7, 9};
//Initialize element
myArray[0] = 2;
//Create an array of objects
Object[] arr = new Object[5];
//Basic for loop to print elements of array
int[] arr1 = {0, 6, 8, 2};
// Looping through array by incrementing value of i
//'i' is an index of array 'arr1'
for (int i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
// Print array element present at index i
System.out.println(i + " " + arr1[i]);
}
for(int value: arr1){
System.out.println(value);
}
void setArray(int[] arr, int n) {
// your code here
}
int[] array = new int[10];
setArray(array, 10);
for (int i = 0; i<array.length; i++) {
System.out.println(array[i]);
}
public static int maximum(int[] array) {
//variable that holds value of max value
int maxValue = array[0];
//for each number in the array..
for (int number: array) {
//checks if current index is greater than maxValue
if (number > maxValue) {
//if new max value found, replace current maxValue
maxValue = number;
}
}
return maxValue;
}
//tester array
int[] test = {3, 5, 7, 2, 10};
//returns 10
maximum(test);
public static void print2D(int mat[][])
{
// For each row of the array (goes one array at a time)
for (int row = 0; row < twoDArray1.length; row++) {
//Goes through each element of the array
for (int column = 0; column < twoDArray1[row].length; column++)
System.out.print(mat[row][column] + " ");
// runs for every row (not every element)
System.out.println();
}
}
int twoDArray1[][] = { { 1, 2, 3 },
{ 4, 6, 7 },
{ 8, 9, 10} };
print2D(twoDArray1);
public static int averageDiagonal (int[][] array2D) {
// your code here
return 0;
}
int[][] arr = {
{1,2,3,4,5,6},
{7,8,9,10,11,12},
{0,1,2,3,4,5},
{10,11,12,13,14,15},
{15,16,17,18,19,20}
};
System.out.println(averageDiagonal(arr));
//create a new 2-d array (default to all 0s)
int[][] twoDArray = new int[3][3];
//access the value at row 2 column 1
twoDArray[1][0];
twoDArray[twoDArray.length - 1][twoDArray[0].length - 1];
//Finds the maximum in an array
public static int average(int[] array) {
// put your code here
return 0;
}
//tester array
int[] test = {3, 5, 7, 2, 10};
//returns 10
System.out.println(average(test));
public class Hack {
void merge(String arr[], int l, int m, int r)
{
// Find the sizes of two subarrays to be merged
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
/* Create temp arrays */
String[] L = new String[n1];
String[] R = new String[n2];
/* Copy data to temp arrays */
for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
L[i] = arr[l + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j)
R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];
/* Merge the temp arrays */
// Initial indexes of first and second subarrays
int i = 0, j = 0;
// Initial index of merged subarray array
int k = l;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i].compareTo(R[j]) <= 0) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
}
else {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
/* Copy remaining elements of L[] if any */
while (i < n1) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
/* Copy remaining elements of R[] if any */
while (j < n2) {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
public void sort(String arr[], int l, int r) {
if (l < r) {
int mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
sort(arr, l, mid);
sort(arr, mid + 1, r);
//run merge
merge(arr, l, mid, r);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Hack hack = new Hack();
String[] test = {"string1", "ddfff", "w32wfz", "okmqji", "alih"};
hack.sort(test, 0, test.length - 1);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(test));
}
}
Hack.main(null);
/**
* Implementation of a Double Linked List; forward and backward links point to adjacent Nodes.
*
*/
public class LinkedList<T>
{
private T data;
private LinkedList<T> prevNode, nextNode;
/**
* Constructs a new element
*
* @param data, data of object
* @param node, previous node
*/
public LinkedList(T data, LinkedList<T> node)
{
this.setData(data);
this.setPrevNode(node);
this.setNextNode(null);
}
/**
* Clone an object,
*
* @param node object to clone
*/
public LinkedList(LinkedList<T> node)
{
this.setData(node.data);
this.setPrevNode(node.prevNode);
this.setNextNode(node.nextNode);
}
/**
* Setter for T data in DoubleLinkedNode object
*
* @param data, update data of object
*/
public void setData(T data)
{
this.data = data;
}
/**
* Returns T data for this element
*
* @return data associated with object
*/
public T getData()
{
return this.data;
}
/**
* Setter for prevNode in DoubleLinkedNode object
*
* @param node, prevNode to current Object
*/
public void setPrevNode(LinkedList<T> node)
{
this.prevNode = node;
}
/**
* Setter for nextNode in DoubleLinkedNode object
*
* @param node, nextNode to current Object
*/
public void setNextNode(LinkedList<T> node)
{
this.nextNode = node;
}
/**
* Returns reference to previous object in list
*
* @return the previous object in the list
*/
public LinkedList<T> getPrevious()
{
return this.prevNode;
}
/**
* Returns reference to next object in list
*
* @return the next object in the list
*/
public LinkedList<T> getNext()
{
return this.nextNode;
}
public void setNext(LinkedList<T> next) {
this.nextNode = next;
}
// public void setNext(T data) {
// this.nextNode = new LinkedList<>(data);
// }
}
import java.util.Iterator;
/**
* Queue Iterator
*
* 1. "has a" current reference in Queue
* 2. supports iterable required methods for next that returns a generic T Object
*/
class QueueIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
LinkedList<T> current; // current element in iteration
// QueueIterator is pointed to the head of the list for iteration
public QueueIterator(LinkedList<T> head) {
current = head;
}
// hasNext informs if next element exists
public boolean hasNext() {
return current != null;
}
// next returns data object and advances to next position in queue
public T next() {
T data = current.getData();
current = current.getNext();
return data;
}
}
/**
* Queue: custom implementation
* @author John Mortensen
*
* 1. Uses custom LinkedList of Generic type T
* 2. Implements Iterable
* 3. "has a" LinkedList for head and tail
*/
public class Queue<T> implements Iterable<T> {
LinkedList<T> head = null, tail = null;
/**
* Add a new object at the end of the Queue,
*
* @param data, is the data to be inserted in the Queue.
*/
public void add(T data) {
// add new object to end of Queue
LinkedList<T> tail = new LinkedList<>(data, null);
if (this.head == null) // initial condition
this.head = this.tail = tail;
else { // nodes in queue
this.tail.setNextNode(tail); // current tail points to new tail
tail.setPrevNode(this.tail);
this.tail = tail; // update tail
}
}
public void addList(T[] lists) {
for (T data : lists) {
this.add(data);
}
}
/**
* Returns the data of head.
*
* @return data, the dequeued data
*/
public T delete() {
T data = this.peek();
if (this.tail != null) { // initial condition
this.head = this.head.getNext(); // current tail points to new tail
if (this.head != null) {
this.head.setPrevNode(tail);
}
}
return data;
}
/**
* Returns the data of head.
*
* @return this.head.getData(), the head data in Queue.
*/
public T peek() {
return this.head.getData();
}
/**
* Returns the head object.
*
* @return this.head, the head object in Queue.
*/
public LinkedList<T> getHead() {
return this.head;
}
/**
* Returns the tail object.
*
* @return this.tail, the last object in Queue
*/
public LinkedList<T> getTail() {
return this.tail;
}
/**
* Returns the iterator object.
*
* @return this, instance of object
*/
public Iterator<T> iterator() {
return new QueueIterator<>(this.head);
}
/**
* Returns if queue is empty
*
* @return boolean if it is empty
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return this.head == null;
}
/**
* Changes the head
*
*/
public void setHead(LinkedList<T> h) {
this.head = h;
}
/**
* Returns size of queue
*
* @return size of queue
*/
public int size() {
int sz = 0;
for (T e: this) {
sz++;
}
return sz;
}
public String toString() {
int count = 0;
String str = "";
for (T e : this) {
str += e + " ";
count++;
}
return "count: " + count + ", data: " + str;
}
}
abstract class Sorter<T> {
String name;
double stime;
double etime;
double difftime;
int compares;
int swaps;
public Sorter(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
abstract public Queue<T> sort(Queue<T> list, boolean verbose);
public Queue<T> sort(Queue<T> list) {
return this.sort(list, true);
}
public void start() {
this.stime = System.nanoTime();
}
public void end() {
this.etime = System.nanoTime();
}
public double elapsedtime() {
difftime = etime - stime;
return difftime;
}
public void incrementcompare() {
compares++;
}
public void incrementswap() {
swaps++;
}
public int printcomp() {
return this.compares;
}
public int printswap() {
return this.swaps;
}
}
/**
A class representing the Merge Sort algorithm for sorting a Queue of elements
@param <T> The type of elements in the Queue, must implement Comparable
*/
class Merge<T extends Comparable<T>> extends Sorter<T> {
/**
Creates a new instance of Merge Sort
*/
public Merge() {
super("Merge Sort");
}
/**
Sorts the given Queue of elements using Merge Sort algorithm
@param q The Queue of elements to be sorted
@param verbose A boolean indicating whether to print out the sorting process or not
@return The sorted Queue of elements
*/
public Queue<T> sort(Queue<T> q, boolean verbose) {
super.start();
q.setHead(mergeSort(q.getHead()));
super.end();
return q;
}
private LinkedList<T> mergeSort(LinkedList<T> head) {
// Base case: if the linked list is empty or has only one element
if (head == null || head.getNext() == null) {
return head;
}
// Find the middle node of the linked list
LinkedList<T> middle = getMiddle(head);
LinkedList<T> nextOfMiddle = middle.getNext();
middle.setNext(null);
// Recursively sort the left and right halves of the linked list
LinkedList<T> left = mergeSort(head);
LinkedList<T> right = mergeSort(nextOfMiddle);
// Merge the two sorted halves of the linked list
return merge(left, right);
}
private LinkedList<T> getMiddle(LinkedList<T> head) {
// Base case: if the linked list is empty
if (head == null) {
return head;
}
// Initialize two pointers: slow and fast
LinkedList<T> slow = head;
LinkedList<T> fast = head;
// Traverse the linked list using two pointers:
// slow moves one node at a time, while fast moves two nodes at a time
while (fast.getNext() != null && fast.getNext().getNext() != null) {
slow = slow.getNext();
fast = fast.getNext().getNext();
}
// The slow pointer is now pointing to the middle node of the linked list
return slow;
}
private LinkedList<T> merge(LinkedList<T> left, LinkedList<T> right) {
LinkedList<T> result = null;
// Base case: if one of the linked lists is empty, return the other one
if (left == null) {
return right;
}
if (right == null) {
return left;
}
// Compare the first nodes of the left and right linked lists,
// and recursively merge the remaining halves until all nodes are merged
if (left.getData().compareTo(right.getData()) <= 0) {
result = left;
result.setNext(merge(left.getNext(), right));
} else {
result = right;
result.setNext(merge(left, right.getNext()));
}
super.incrementswap();
super.incrementcompare();
return result;
}
}
public class Tester {
private static double calcAvg(ArrayList<Double> arr) {
double sum = 0;
if(!arr.isEmpty()) {
for (Double i : arr) {
sum += i;
}
return sum / arr.size();
}
return sum;
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
List<Sorter<Integer>> sorters = new ArrayList<Sorter<Integer>>();
sorters.add(new Merge<>());
int size = 5000;
for (Sorter i : sorters) {
int test = 1;
ArrayList<Double> elapsed = new ArrayList<Double>();
ArrayList<Double> comp = new ArrayList<Double>();
ArrayList<Double> swap = new ArrayList<Double>();
while (test <= 20) {
ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
int rand = (int) Math.floor(Math.random() * size * 10);
arr.add(rand);
}
Queue<Integer> q = new Queue<>();
q.addList(arr.toArray(new Integer[size]));
i.sort(q);
elapsed.add(i.elapsedtime());
comp.add(new Double(i.printcomp()));
swap.add(new Double(i.printswap()));
test++;
}
System.out.println(i.name);
System.out.printf("Average Elapsed time: %.10fs\n", calcAvg(elapsed)/1000000000);
System.out.printf("Average Number of compares: %.2f\n", calcAvg(comp));
System.out.printf("Average Number of swaps: %.2f\n", calcAvg(swap));
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Tester.main(null);
public class BinarySearch {
private int search(int[] array, int group1, int group2, int selected ) {
// if group1 index is greater than group2 or group1 index is greater than largest index, stop running and return -1
if (group1 <= group2 && group1 < array.length-1) {
// obtain the middle index
int mid = group1+(group2-1)/2;
if (selected == array[mid]) {
// return index if selected is found
return mid;
} else if (selected < array[mid]) {
// update index
return search(array, group1, mid-1, selected);
} else if (selected > array[mid]) {
// update index and run search again
return search(array, mid+1, group2, selected);
}
}
return -1;
}
public int search(int[] array, int selected) {
return this.search(array, 0, array.length-1, selected);
}
public static void main() {
BinarySearch binary = new BinarySearch();
int[] array = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 23, 45, 67};
int index = binary.search(array, 45);
System.out.println(index);
}
}
BinarySearch.main();
public class UnsortedSearch {
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
int n1 = m - l + 1;
int n2 = r - m;
int[] L = new int[n1];
int[] R = new int[n2];
for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
L[i] = arr[l + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j)
R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];
int i = 0, j = 0;
int k = l;
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
}
else {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i < n1) {
arr[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while (j < n2) {
arr[k] = R[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
public void sort(int arr[], int l, int r) {
if (l < r) {
int mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
sort(arr, l, mid);
sort(arr, mid + 1, r);
merge(arr, l, mid, r);
}
}
private int search(int[] array, int selected) {
this.sort(array,0,array.length-1);
BinarySearch search = new BinarySearch();
return search.search(array, selected);
}
public static void main() {
UnsortedSearch search = new UnsortedSearch();
int[] array = {5, 6, 3, 1, 8, 9, 4, 7, 2};
int index = search.search(array, 7);
System.out.println(index);
}
}
UnsortedSearch.main();
public class StepTracker {
private int activeDaysCount = 0;
private int totalDays = 0;
private int totalSteps = 0;
private int minSteps;
public StepTracker(int steps) {
minSteps = steps;
}
public void addDailySteps(int steps) {
if (steps >= minSteps) {
activeDaysCount++;
}
totalDays++;
totalSteps += steps;
}
public int activeDays() {
return activeDaysCount;
}
public double averageSteps() {
if (totalDays == 0) {
return 0.0;
}
return (double) totalSteps / totalDays;
}
}
public class ArrayTester {
public static int[] getColumn(int[][] arr2D, int c) {
// Create 1D array that will contain the column values
int[] column = new int[arr2D.length];
// Add all values in the specified column to the column array. Iterate through each row
for (int i = 0; i < arr2D.length; i++) {
column[i] = arr2D[i][c];
}
return column;
}
public static boolean hasAllValues(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
// Implementation not shown
}
public static boolean containsDuplicates(int[] arr) {
// Implementation not shown
}
public static boolean isLatin(int[][] square) {
// Get the first row array of the 2D array
int[] firstRow = square[0];
// Check if the first row contains any duplicate values
if (containsDuplicates(firstRow) != true) {
return false;
}
// For each row under the first, check if it contains all of the values of the first row
for (int i = 1; i < square.length; i++) {
if (hasAllValues(firstRow, square[i]) != true) {
return false;
}
}
// For each column in the square, check if it contains all of the values of the first row
for (int j = 0; j < square[0].length; j++) {
int[] column = getColumn(square, j);
if (hasAllValues(firstRow, column) != true) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
// Position class that will be processed by the Successors class
public class Position {
public Position(int r, int c) {
// Implementation not shown
}
}
public class Successors {
// Static function to return the position (row and column) of the searched value
public static Position findPosition(int num, int[][] intArr) {
boolean found = false;
// Iterate through rows and columns to search through every element of the 2D array
for (int i = 0; i < intArr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < intArr[i].length; j++) {
// Stop the search once the element is found
if (intArr[i][j] == num) {
found = true;
Position positionObject = new Position(i, j);
break;
}
}
}
// Return null if the element is not found
if (found == false) {
return null;
} else {
return positionObject;
}
}
// Static function
public static Position[][] getSuccessorArray(int[][] intArr) {
// Instantiate new array with the same dimensions as intArr
Position[][] successorArray = new Position[intArr.length][intArr[0].length];
// Set a Position object (position of respective intArr element + 1) for each element of successorArray
for (int i = 0; i < successorArray.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < successorArray[i].length; j++) {
successorArray[i][j] = findPosition(intArr[i][j] + 1, intArr);
}
}
return successorArray;
}
}
public class StringFormatter {
public static int totalLetters(List<String> wordList) {
int total = 0;
// Add the length of every word in wordList to get the total letters
for (int i = 0; i < wordList.size(); i++) {
total += wordList.get(i).length();
}
return total;
}
public static int basicGapWidth(List<String> wordList, int formattedLen) {
// Get the number of gaps for the wordList
int numGaps = wordList.size() - 1;
// Get the number of spaces by subtracting the total letters from the formatted sentence length
int numSpaces = formattedLen - totalLetters(wordList);
// Divide using int type to get rid of remainders, effectively getting the basic gap width
int gapWidth = numSpaces/numGaps;
return gapWidth;
}
public static int leftoverSpaces(List<String> wordList, int formattedLen) {
// Implementation not shown
}
public static String format(List<String> wordList, int formattedLen) {
// Instantiate empty string that will ultimately contain the formatted string
String formattedString = "";
// Get leftover spaces
int leftover = leftoverSpaces(wordList, formattedLen);
// Get basic gap width
int gapWidth = basicGapWidth(wordList, formattedLen);
for (int i = 0; i < wordList.size(); i++) {
// Add each word to formattedString
formattedString += wordList.get(i);
// If not the last word, add the basic gap width, as well as a leftover space if applicable
if (i < wordList.size() - 1) {
for (int j = 0; j < gapWidth; j++) {
formattedString += " ";
}
if (leftover > 0) {
formattedString += " ";
leftover--;
}
}
}
return formattedString;
}
}
//Example finding the average an array.
//Finds the average of an array
public static double average(int[] array) {
// Initialize sum to be 0
int sum = 0;
// Add all elements to sum
for (int item : array) {
sum += item;
}
// Divide sum by total number of elements to get the average. Note the double cast
double average = (double) sum/array.length;
return average;
}
//tester array
int[] test = {3, 5, 7, 2, 10};
//returns 5.4
System.out.println(average(test));
public static double averageDiagonal (int[][] array2D) {
// Initialize important variables to control the function
int sum = 0;
int index = 0;
int count = 0;
// Loop through the 2d array by checking each row
for (int[] array : array2D) {
// Using the index variable, check the elements in a diagonal (going bottom right),
// adding them to the sum until there is no more elements in the current diagonal position
try {
sum += array[index];
index++;
count++;
} catch (Exception e) {
break;
}
}
// Divide sum by total number of elements and double cast in order to find the average value
double average = (double) sum/count;
return average;
}
int[][] arr = {
{1,2,3,4,5,6},
{7,8,9,10,11,12},
{0,1,2,3,4,5},
{10,11,12,13,14,15},
{15,16,17,18,19,20}
};
System.out.println(averageDiagonal(arr));